More than four years have passed since the expiration of the U.S. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 2001–more popularly known as No Child Left Behind (or NCLB). Despite broad agreement that the law needs amending, Congress is still struggling to develop the specifics of that consensus. The reauthorization will require several decisions about standards, assessments, reporting requirements, and school improvement initiatives. In this video, RAND experts offer recommendations on how best to approach these critical aspects of ESEA.