Coming out of civil war, Mozambique had an enormous education deficit. Five years after the peace treaty, 80% of the labor force reported having no education at all, and school enrollment outside the large cities was minimal. Since then, Mozambique has come a long way in improving access to lower and upper primary through sustained investments in education infrastructure and introduction of important reforms. The primary education reform programs implemented in 2004, combined with a continuing program of school construction and teacher training, resulted in a 70% increase in enrollment in EP1 over four years, with the highest gains for the poorest and most vulnerable children. Yet there was only a slight increase in student/teacher ratios. How did Mozambique do this, and what are the lessons going forward? That is the crux of Education Reform in Mozambique by Louise Fox, Lucrecia Santibañez, Vy Nguyen, and Pierre André.